While drug makers are outdoing each other in updating first-generation vaccines for the next fall pandemic wave, other scientists are working on developing a vaccine that is delivered either by nasal spray or oral tablets. And while this is not a new idea, Dr. Ellen Foxman, an immunobiologist at Yale School of Medicine, expressed her hope that this form of the vaccine would help strengthen defenses already in the nasal cavity, the first part of the airway, so that the virus cannot replicate there. "That would be the holy grail," said Foxman, who works for the International Congress of Mucosal Immunology in Seattle. If this works, the hope is that mucosal immunity could slow the development of new coronavirus variants and ultimately contain the pandemic.
Before that, however, there is a long way to go. Many scientists say t...
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